Product Description Ectoine, is an amino acid derivate developed by professional fermentation platform technology, with high stability and safety profile. Ectoine belongs to the group of extremolytes, and it can protects extremophilic microorganisms from the lethaland extreme conditions of their habitats because of forming the protection efficacy of DNA, proteins and cell membrane. Tests prove that ectoine has remarkable protective and repairing effects, helps skin resist external pressure, and can be widely used in personal care products such as repair, anti-pollution, sun care, anti-aging products and color cosmetic products. BASIC ANALYSIS Test Items Specifications Test Methods Appearance White to off-white powder Visual observation Identification HPLC retention time correspond to WRS HPLC Loss on drying ≤0.50% USP<731> Ethanol residue ≤500ppm GC Heavy metals(Pb) ≤20ppm USP<231> Arsenic(As) ≤2ppm ICP-MS Lead(Pb) ≤1ppm ICP-MS Mercury(Hg) ≤0.2ppm ICP-MS Cadmium(Cd) ≤0.3ppm ICP-MS Total plate count ≤1000cfu/g USP<61> Yeast & Molds ≤100cfu/g USP<61> Coliforms ≤10mpn/g MPN E. Coli Negative in 10g USP<62> Salmonella Negative in 10g USP<62> S.aureus Negative in 10g USP<62> Assay ≥99.0% HPLC Function Ectoine is a natural bioprotective molecule originally produced by saltwater lagoon algae. It has excellent anti-interference capabilities and is protective against environmental stimuli and stress. Ectoine has many functions in the field of cosmetics, including: Moisturizing: Ectoine can enhance the skin's moisturizing ability and effectively maintain the skin's moisture balance. Antioxidant: It has antioxidant properties that help reduce free radical damage to the skin and delay the aging process of the skin. Anti-inflammatory: Ectoine reduces the skin’s inflammatory response and helps soothe sensitive skin. Repair: It has a certain repair effect on damaged skin and can accelerate the skin's self-repair process. Efficacy and Mechanism of EctionThe cyclic structure of Ectoin molecule has strong electronegativity, which is easy to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules,enhance the association ability of water molecules, make water molecules arranged in a directional manner around it, and make morewater molecules form a hydration layer around the protein. ●Moisturize Ectoin ensures that highly halophilic bacteria will not dehydrate to die in high salt environment. It is an important material tomaintain Cosmetic pressure balance. Its unique molecular structure makes it have strong water molecule complexation ability. One molecule of Ectoin can complexate four or five water molecules, which can make the free water in the cell structured.The test shows that Ectoin can significantly increase the moisture content of skin and has long-term moisturizing effect. The higher the concentration, the more rapid the increase of skin moisture content. Skin moisture increased by 43.7% after 1 hours of using 2% Ectoin of cream, and skin moisture increased by 50.5% after 4 weeks of continuous use. During the application period, Ectoin can continuously improve skin moisture retention ability, and the skin moisture retention ability does not immediately decrease after discontinuation. One week after discontinuation, the skin moisture retention ability is still higher than the control group. It's an excellent moisturizer. ●Repairment Heat shock proteins (HSP) is a kind of protective protein synthesized when the body cells are attacked by harsh environments such as high temperature, which helps the cells maintain normal physiological activities. When cells are stimulated by heat, the expression of HSP increases rapidly in a short time, and then gradually returns to the normal level. The higher the final expression of HSP, the more obvious the stimulation is. The results showed that the heat tolerance of cells was improved after treatment with Ectoin. Compared with the positive control group, the expression of HSP decreased significantly. In normal skin, Langerhans cells can capture antigens and selectively induce the activation and proliferation of skin resident regulatory T cells, so as to maintain the state of normal skin immune tolerance. Ultraviolet irradiation will reduce the number and density of Langerhans cells, reduce their antigen presentation ability, and finally weaken the skin immune function. The damage of Langerhans cells induced by ultraviolet light was significantly reduced after treatment with Ectoin. Compared with the positive control group, after 6 hours, 1% Ectoin could increase the cell activity by 10.5%.   Applications Ectoin can continuously improve the skin's moisturizing ability, and the skin water holding capacity will not drop immediately after the withdrawal. Ectoin can effectively improve the immune protection of skin cells, increase the ability of cell repair,and make the skin effective against the invasion of microorganisms and allergens.